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Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg (1150 in Speyer – February 22, 1217〔''Oẓar Ṭob'', 1878, p. 045; Berliner, ''Magazin'', 1876, p. 220; ''Kerem Ḥemed'', vii. 71 (1216 ); ''Ben Chananja'', iv. 248 (1213 )〕 in Regensburg), also called HeHasid or 'the Pious' in Hebrew, was a leader of the Chassidei Ashkenaz, a movement of Jewish mysticism in Germany considered different from kabbalistic mysticism because it emphasizes specific prayer and moral conduct. Judah settled in Regensburg in 1195. He wrote ''Sefer Hasidim'' (Book of the Pious), ''Sefer Gematriyot'' (a book on astrology) and ''Sefer Hakavod'' (Book of Glory), the latter has been lost and is only known by quotations that other authors have made from it. His most prominent students were Elazar Rokeach, Isaac ben Moses of Vienna author of Or Zarua and perhaps also Moses ben Jacob of Coucy (according to the Hida). == Biography == Judah was descended from an old family of kabbalists from Northern Italy that had settled in Germany. His grandfather Kalonymus was a scholar and parnas in Speyer (died 1126). His father Samuel, also called ''HeHasid'' ("the pious"), ''HaKadosh'', and ''HaNabi'',〔Solomon Luria, ''Responsa'', No. 29〕 was president of a bet ha-midrash in Speyer, and from him Judah, together with his brother Abraham, received his early instruction. Samuel〔see A. Epstein in ''Ha-Goren'', iv. 81 et seq.〕 died while Judah was still young.〔idem, Jüdische Altertümer in Worms und Speier, in ''Monatsschrift'', xli. 41, 42〕 About 1195 the latter left his native place and settled in Regensburg (Ratisbon), on account of an "accident"〔Moses Minz, Responsa, No. 76〕 – most probably a ritual murder accusation Feb. 13 1195 (see e.g. Israel Yuval: Two Nations in Your Womb (2006) p. 171) and the following persecution experienced by the Jews of Speyer. He founded a yeshiva in Regensburg and secured many pupils. Among those who became famous were Eleazar of Worms, author of the ''Roḳeaḥ''; Isaac ben Moses of Vienna, author of ''Or Zarua''; and Baruch ben Samuel of Mainz, author of ''Sefer ha-Ḥokmah''. Eleazar applies to his teacher in several passages terms expressive of the highest esteem, such as "father of wisdom".〔Paris MS. No. 772, fol. 73a; comp. Epstein in ''Monatsschrift'', xxxix. 459〕 Judah left one son, Moses Zaltman,〔Epstein, l.c. p. 449, note 7〕 author of a commentary on several parts of the Bible.〔see Schiller-Szinessy, ''Cat. Hebr. MSS. . . . University Library, Cambridge'', p. 159〕 Some scholars think that this Moses Zaltman, Zlatman or Blatman was in reality Rabbi Moses ben Yoel of Regensburg.〔אפרים אורבך ,בעלי התוספות, p. 208〕 It has been erroneously supposed that Judah had two other sons, Aaron〔Luria, l.c.〕 and David.〔Steinschneider, ''Hebr. Bibl.'' iv. 98; Gross, in Berliner's ''Magazin'', i. 106; Brüll's ''Jahrb.'' ix. 45; Epstein, l.c.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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